The Linked Ring of Photographers

Research by Dick Weindling (2023)

Introduction

The Linked Ring was formed in May 1892 after a disagreement within the Photographic Society of Great Britain (the PSGB became the Royal Photographic Society in 1894). The issue arose about differing views of photography as an art or a science.

‘The Onion Field Mersea Island Essex’, originally entitled ‘An old farmstead’, by George Davison (1890)

Several impressionistic, soft-focus photographs taken with a pinhole camera by George Davison, were removed by the hanging committee of the annual exhibition in 1891. Following a row during the stormy PSGB council meeting in October 1891, Henry Peach Robinson and George Davison walked out. A total of 12 members resigned, and after meeting for a dinner at a London restaurant, they decided to set up The Linked Ring to promote the artistic potential of photography. Membership was by invitation only and included professionals and amateurs.

They held an annual ‘Photographic Salon’ from 1893 to 1909. Members who were known as ‘links’, as well as non-members could exhibit at the salons.

Initially, the links were all British, but soon photographers were invited from other countries. Eventually, there were 15 members from the USA, 11 from Austria, 7 from France, 6 from Germany, 3 from Belgium, and 1 from India. There were only seven women.

The Linked Ring led to the Photo-Sucession in America.

Margaret Harker produced the most detailed study in her book ‘The Linked Ring’ (1979). Using a study of the Link’s records she identified a total of 115 members who are listed in the appendix of the book.

I have researched the addresses, and used a variety of other sources to show short biographies of the photographers in the following table, which also gives their dates as Link members.

 Table of Linked Ring Members

Name	Country	Link Dates	Address
Abbott, Charles Yarnall (1870-1938)	US	1901 Oct	10, South 18th Street, Philadelphia, USA (1900) 43, South 18th Street, Philadelphia, USA (1901) Abbott was a lawyer for ten years before becoming a photographer and an artist. Camera Work published his work in 1905.
Alexandre, A Aka Albert Edouard Drains (1855-1925)	Be	1893 June to 1908 April	268, Rue Haute, Bruxelles (1895) He was a member of the Belgian Association of Photographers where his work was shown in 1890.
Alfieri, Bernard (1860-1939)		1892 May (Founder)	15, Station Parade, Willesden Green (1894) 1891, ‘Northwood’, Chichele Road Cricklewood. (DW: Northwood in Staffordshire is where he was born). Studios at 55 Walm Lane Willesden Green (1894-1902), and 70 Mortimer Street Regent Street (1894-1900). 1900 Directory Alfieri and Calland, calotype printers, 18 Montpelier Road Twickenham. In 1902 he joined Kodak Ltd as advertising manager and then moved to the Daily Mirror as art editor until 1914. He set up the Alfieri Picture Service and was secretary of the Photographic News Agencies, until his death in June 1939.
Anderson, John Henry (1862-1938)		1903 Jan	Camera Club, 28, Charing Cross Road (1894) 106, Shepherd’s Bush Road (1896) 60, Watling Street, EC. (1898) Drakelowe, 149, Castelnau, Barnes (1900) 128, Castelnau, Barnes (1909). Nothing else known.
Annan, James Craig (1864-1946)		1894 Feb	230, Sauchichall Street, Glasgow (1894) 518, Sauchichall Street, Glasgow (1904). Son of the Scottish photographer Thomas Annan (1830 to 1887). The firm of T. & R. Annan gained a high reputation for the reproduction of works of art. James was the first president of the International Society of Pictorial Photographers when it was set up in 1904.
Arbuthnot, Malcolm (1877-1965)		1907 Oct	Norman Lodge, Thicket Road, Anerley, SE (1903) Born 1877 in Cobham as Malcolm Lewin Stockdale Parsons. From 1914 he had a portrait studio at 43 and 44 New Bond Street.
Ashton, Ernest Russell (1860-1951)		1896 Jan	Broadlands, Camden Park, Tunbridge Wells (1894) He died there on 11 November 1951, an left £17,200.
Aston, W. Smedley (1868-1941)		1899 Dec to 1908 May	7, Newhall Street, Birmingham (1896) 45, Newhall Street, Birmingham (1900). A chartered accountant who died in 1947.
Baker, Harold (1860–1942)		1898 Dec to 1905 Oct	58, New Street, Birmingham (1894) 107, Regent Street (1900) 58, New Street, Birmingham (1901) 17, Cannon Street, Birmingham (1903). Nothing else known.
Barnett, H. Walter (1862-1934)		1899 May to 1901 Feb	1, Park Side, Hyde Park Corner (1898 to 1902) 12, Knightsbridge (1905 to 1921). These were his studios. 1911 census, Walter Barnett, 15 Boundary Road St John’s Wood, photographer, aged 49. Born in Melbourne Australia.
Barber, Charles Burton (1845-1894)		1892 Jun to 1893 Apr	Did not exhibit at a Link salon. 1891 census, 1 Titchfield Road Regents Park, artist, 46, born in Great Yarmouth. He died 27 November 1894 at his home in Titchfield Road. Commissioned to paint Queen Victoria’s dogs.
Begue, Rene Le, aka René Frédéric Alfred Le Bègue (1856-1914)	Fr	1894 Oct to 1909	83, Rue d’hauteville, Paris (1894) 51, Rue le Peletier, Paris (1898) Member of the Photo Club de Paris.
Benington, Walter (1872-1936)		1902 Apr	Bush Hill Park, Enfield (1894) The Glade, Bush Hill Park, Enfield (1899) 19, York Road, Bowes Park, N (1906) 55, Ulleswater Road, Southgate, (1908) Opened his studio at 14 Conduit Street in 1909. After WWI he worked for Elliot and Fry. His famous photograph of Albert Einstein was taken in June 1921. Benington was born in Stockton-on-Tees in 1872, he died in February 1936 at his home, 23 Stile Road in Headington Oxford.
Bennett, Lionel Charles (c.1853-1919)		1895 Feb to c1898	30, Blandford Road, Bedford Park, W (1895) 11, Fairlawn Park, Chiswick (1896) 49, Erpingham Road, Putney (1903) 1911 census, at 49 Erpingham Road, aged 58, he was a professional shorthand writer.
Bergheim, John Simeon (1842-1912)	Au	1891 July to c1899	Vienna Camera Club At his suggestion Thomas Ross Dallmeyer developed a soft-focus lens in 1896 (the Dallmeyer-Berheim lens) for pictorial photographers. 1901 census Belsize Court Belsize Lane, aged 57 born in Turkey, petroleum mines proprietor. He was still at this address when he died in September 1912 in the Royal Surrey Hospital.
Bhedwar, Shapoor (1858-1916)	In	1892 Oct	Art Studio, Swiss Lodge, Camballa Hill, Bombay (1896) c/o Ralph Robinson, Redhill (1898) He took up photography while in Britain and then opened his studio in Bombay about 1892.
Blake, Rev. A.H. (Alfred Howarth) (1854-1941)		1908 Apr	16, Gledstanes Road, West Kensington (1895) Quarley Rectory, Andover (1896) He was rector of Compton from April 1902 to December 1903. He wrote the book Things Seen in London, in 1925.
Blanchard, Valentine (1831-1901)		1891 July to 1901 Feb	The Rectory Farm, Harston, Near Cambridge (1895) 1871 census, 12 Camden Cottages, Kentish Town. 1881 census, 13 St James Square, Kensington Town, aged 48, widower, photographer. He was born Wisbech in 1831, and died on 14 November 1901 at Meadow Lea, Herne Common, Kent.
Blount, David (1871-1948)		1902 Sep	26, Crossley Terrace, Brighton Grove, Newcastle-on-Tyne (1901) 52, Brighton Grove, Newcastle-on-Tyne (1903), 59, Brighton Grove, Newcastle-on-Tyne (1909) Worked for James Bacon and Sons, photographers, Newcastle.
Bolton, Francis Alfred (1866-1951)		1900 Oct	Moor Court, Oakamoor, North Staffordshire (1899) 1911 census, aged 45, he was a JP and director of a copper manufacturing company. When he died in 1951 he left £130,224.
Bremard, Louis Maurice (1854-1918)	Bel	1897 Jun	41, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris (1896) A director of the Photo-Club de Paris. Some of his photographs are at the Getty Museum.
Briant, Rowland (1861-1933)		1892 Jun to 1901 Feb	200, Kennington Park Road (1894) 1901 census, aged 40, a professor of music, living with his widowed mother at the same address.
Bright, Tom (1859-1948)		1892 May (Founder)	6, Gatestone Road, Upper Norwood (1894) Derby Lodge, 25, Gipsy Hill, SE (1904) 1881 census, Esslemont Gipsy Hill, Thomas J Bright, 21, born Paddington, architect.
Brownrigg, Thomas Marcus (1823-1901)		1893 May to 1901 Jun	Arlington House, Guildford (1895) Born in Ireland 1823, he rose through the ranks to become an Assistant Inspector General in the Royal Irish Constabulary. An amateur with a life-long in photography, Brownrigg joined the Dublin Photographic Society when it was formed in 1854. He died on 17 November 1901 at his home in Guildford.
Bucquet, Jean Paul Maurice (1860-1921)	Fr	1896 Jun	34, Rue du Chaillot, Paris (1895) 12, Rue Paul Baudry, Paris (1898) A member of the Photo Club of Paris. He represented France in the trap shooting event at the 1900 Olympics in Paris.
Burchett, Arthur (1853-1927)		1892 May (Founder)	28, Willoughby Road, Hampstead (1894 and 1896) Artist and portrait photographer 1882 and 1885 ERs, Willoughby Lodge Carlingford Road Hampstead. Born in St Pancras in 1853 he died in 1927 in Duncan British Columbia, Canada.
Buschbeck, Alfred (c.1857-1936)	Au	1893 May to 1908 Apr	ix Maximilian Platz, 5 Wien (1895) President of the Vienna Camera Club in 1893.
Cadby, William A, aka Willie Arthur (1864-1937)		1895 Feb to 1909 Oct	Reculver, near Herne Bay (1894) Hunsdon, near Ware, Herts (1897) Platt Cottage, Boro’ Green, Kent (1899) He was born in Hampstead in 1864, the son of a pianoforte manufacturer. William and his wife Carine were both Linked Ring members. They were friends with Alvin Langdon Coburn and his mother Fannie who was also a photographer.
Cadby, Carine, Katherine Mary (1866-1957)		1900 Oct to 1909 Oct	1, Doughty Street (1894) Hunsdon, near Ware, Herts (1896) Platt Cottage, Boro’ Green, Kent (1899) Born in Brighton in 1866 as Katherine Mary Simpson Stevenson. Carine and Gertrude Käsebier were the first elected female members of the Linked Ring brotherhood. Carine was seen as the most successful photographer of flowers and her work frequently appeared in photographic magazines.
Calland, Eustace Frederick (1864-1959)		1892 Jun	Camera Club, 28, Charing Cross Road (1894) c/o Dr. Richardson, Hillside, Putney Hill, SW (1897) 19, Putney Hill, SW (1908) 1939 register, 31 Gilston Road Kensington, artist. Calland began his career as a professional photographer in the late 1880s and within a decade was acknowledged as one of the finest photographers of his generation. Stieglitz admired his work which was published in numerous magazines. Calland was born in Woking 1864 and died in Gilston Road Kensington in 1959.
Cameron, Henry Herschel Hay (1852-1911)		1892 May (Founder) to 1909 Jan	70, Mortimer Street, Regent Street (1885 to 1888), 31, George Street, Hanover Square (1890 to 1901), and finally 194 and 196, Brompton Road, Knightsbridge (1901 to 1906). These are his studio addresses. He was Julia Margaret Cameron youngest son. After his mother’s death in 1879, Henry left Ceylon where he had been managing the Glencairn tea estate and returned to Britain. The artist George Frederic Watts used Cameron’s studio to photograph his paintings, some of which were badly damaged in a studio fire in July 1899. Although active as a photographer, Henry retained his interest in the theatre and in the latter years of his life had a number of small acting roles. He died in Croydon on 7 February 1911.
Cembrano, Francisco de Paula (1861-1912)		1892 Jun to 1893 Mar	Did not exhibit at a Link salon. 1891 street directory, 10 Cambridge Gardens, Marlborough Road Richmond. Born in the Philippines. He was a Fellow of the RPS. After several years of ill health, he died in Cernobbio Lake Como Italy on 2 April 1912, his home was given as Parkholme 70 Queen’s Road Richmond. He left £23,515.
Clark, Lyonel Edwin (1856-1929)		1892 May (Founder) to 1909 Mar	Camera Club, 28, Charing Cross Road. He wrote a book, Platinum Toning, in 1892. He was a member of the RPS from 1887 to 1890. Born in Hampstead in 1856. He was a naval architect with Clark and Stanfield at 11 Victoria Street, who died in July 1929.
Cobb, Benjamin Francis (1826-1901)		1892 May (Founder) to 1901 Feb 6 (death)	Did not exhibit at a Link salon. He was a member of the RPS with addresses: 79 Cornhill (1883 to 1886), Riverdale, Twickenham (1887 to 1983) and 6 Egerton Mansions (1895). He was Secretary to the Globe Marine Insurance Co. Limited.
Coburn, Alvin Langdon (1882-1966)		1903 to 1909 May	366, Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, USA (1900) 827, Boylston Street, Boston, USA (1902) 384, Fifth Avenue, New York (1904) 89, Guilford Street, WC, (1906 and 1908) In 1899, he came to London with his mother Fannie, an amateur photographer, and his cousin Fred Holland Day. He and his mother rented rooms at 89 Guilford Street, which he always used on London trips from 1899 to 1909. In 1901 he went to Paris to study with Robert Demachy and Stieglitz. In London he became a friend of George Bernard Shaw who introduced him to many leading celebrities who posed for him. Coburn eventually settled in Wales and gave up photography for 30 years between 1920 and 1950. He died at his home in North Wales in November 1966.
Cochrane, Archibald (1860-1939)		1902 Apr	Hurlet, near Glasgow (1900) Barrhead, near Glasgow (1904) He was an engineer.
Cohen, Lewis (Born c.1857 may have died in 1934?)		1894 Oct to 1903 Dec	15, Crossfield Road, Belsize Park (1895) 146, Fellows Road, Hampstead (1896) 1 Scarsdale Studios, Stratford Road, Kensington (1898 and 1899) 9, Scarsdale Studios, Stratford Road, Kensington (1901 and 1904). In the 1871 census he was living with his father Moses Levi Cohen, a photographer, at 14 Stratford Road Bow. At the time, Lewis aged 14, was an apprentice cigar maker. Like his father, he was born in the Netherlands.
Colard, Hector (1851-1923)	Be	1892 Jun	4, Rue de la Banque, Bruxelles (1895) Textile merchant. He translated a book by HP Robinson into French in 1884.
Colls, Walter Libbaeus (1860-1942)		1892 Jun	6, Castleman Gardens, Barnes (1895) This was his studio. Member of the RPS from 1889 to 1900. Born 1860 in Hammersmith. 1901 census with his widowed mother at 117 Castelnau Road, Barnes. He is a photographer, etcher and engraver. 1939 register, 109, Madrid Road Barnes, retired engraver. He died February 1942 in Madrid Road.
Craigie, Reginald Walpole (1859-1930)		1896 Jun	Camera Club 28, Charing Cross Road (1900) The Corner Cottage, Wimbledon Common (1901) Camera Club 28, Charing Cross Road (1903) 32, Windsor Court, Bayswater, (1908) 1911 census, 3 Campden Grove Kensington, aged 51, clerk in the Bank of England. In 1898 he succeeded Maskell as secretary of the Ring.
Crooke, William (1848-1928)		1892 Jul to 1904 Jul	103, Princes Street, Edinburgh (1895) William Crooke was one of Scotland’s most prominent professional photographers. He established his studio in Edinburgh in 1883 and stayed there for over 30 years. Born in Ireland in 1848, Crooke died at his home in Queensferry Road in August 1928.
David, Ludwig (1856-1930)	Au	1896 Jan	28, Reisnerstrasse, Vienna (1894) He was a member of the Vienna Camera Club. Nothing else known.
Davis, Henry E. (Dates unknown)		1892 May (Founder) to 1897 Apr. He arranged the Link dinners	Camera Club, 28, Charing Cross Road (1894) 19, Crossfield Road, Eton Avenue, Hampstead (1895). Nothing else known.
Davison, George (1854-1930)		1892 May (Founder)	Camera Club, 28, Charing Cross Road (1894) Clovelly, Arnison Road, East Molesey, Surrey (1896) The Park, East Molesey (1900) Beechcroft, East Molesey (1903) Davidson’s impressionistic soft-focus photographs in the 1891 Photographic Society of Great Britain annual show triggered the row and the establishment of the Linked Ring. Born in Lowestoft the son of a shipyard carpenter. He received a good education and was a civil servant at Somerset House in 1874. He began taking photographs in 1885 and joined the Camera Club. Davidson later purchased shares in Eastman Photographic Materials and became the MD in 1889. In 1899 the company became Kodak, and he was a millionaire when George Eastman asked him to resign in 1912 because of his support for left-wing anarchists.
Day, Frederick Holland (1864-1933)	US	1896 Jan	Boston, USA (1896) 9, Pinckney Street, Boston (1898) He was a cousin of Alvin Langdon Coburn. In 1899 he was renting a small studio in 25 Mortimer Street Bloomsbury. In October 1900 he organised the exhibition ‘The New School of American Photography’ with 375 photos by 42 American photographers for the RPS in London, and the following year it was shown in Paris. He co-founder the publishing company of Copeland and Day.
Demachy, Robert (1859-1936)	Fr	1895 May	13, Rue Francois, Paris (1896) His father had founded the Banque Demachy so he was financial well off. Multi-talented, he focused on photography in the last decade of the 19C. He was a leading member of the impressionist photographers in France and a founder of the Photo-Club de Paris. He had five one man shows at the RPS.
Devens, Mary (1857-1920)	US	1902 Sep	Cambridge, USA (1898) 155, Brattle Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (1899) She was born in Ware Massachusetts in 1857. F. Holland Day admired her work, and he submitted five of her photos to the London Salon in 1898. Devens travelled to Europe in 1900-1901 and met Edward Steichen and Robert Demachy. Demachy was so impressed with her work that he added several of her photographs to the important Paris exhibition of women photographers. Holland Day introduced her to Alfred Stieglitz and she was a founding member of the Photo-Secession. After developing problems with her eyesight Devens did not exhibit after 1905 and she died in 1920.
Dubreuil, Pierre (1872-1944)	Fr	1903 Jan to 1908	15, Rue Solferino, Lille, France (1898) 27, Rue d’Angleterre, Lille, France (1900) Fair Smile Cottage, Avenue Saint Maur, La Madeleine (Nord), France (1906) He was born in Lille in 1872 into a wealthy family who manufactured wallpaper. He first gained recognition in 1896 with exhibits in Brussels and later in Paris. He had a one-man show in London in 1912. In 1924 Dubreuil moved to Brussels. He had attained such stature, that in 1935 the Royal Photographic Society sponsored a retrospective exhibition of 150 of his works. Pierre Dubreuil died in obscurity in Grenoble France, on 9 January 1944. Tom Jacobson, a San Diego based collector, rediscovered his work which resulted in a major exhibition in Paris in 1987.
Duhrkoop, Rudolph (1848-1918)	Ger	1908 Oct	Fungfernstieg 34, Hamburg (1906) Born in Hamburg in 1848. First working as a railway employee and then a salesman, Duhrkoop taught himself photography and opened a studio in 1882. He became a member of the photographic societies in Vienna and Berlin. In 1905 he was elected as a member of the RPS. While his daughter Minya ran the Hamburg studio, he opened a larger studio in Berlin in 1909. After his death in 1918, Minya took over the business.
Duhrkoop, Minya (1873-1929)	Ger	1908 Oct	Did not exhibit at a Link salon. She was a daughter of Rudolph Duhrkoop and in 1887 began worked as his assistant when she was aged 14. Minya ran the studios until her death in 1929.
Dyer, William Buckingham (1860-1931)	US	1902 Sep	203, Michigan Avenue, Chicago, USA (1901) Born 1860, in Racine Wisconsin. He opened a studio in Chicago about 1897 and was active in the city’s photographic societies. Many of his photos were used in books, including work by the poet James Whitcomb Riley. Dyer was a founding member of the Photo-Secession group. His work was included in all their major exhibitions and in many other American shows.
Eickmeyer, Rudolph (1862-1932)	US	1894 Oct	Yonkers, New York (1898) 568, Fifth Avenue, New York (1901) Born in New York in 1862 where his German father had invented a hat blocking machine which revolutionized the industry, as well as advances in electrical lighting. Eickemeyer first became interested in photography as a means of documenting his father's inventions. He won medals at exhibitions around the world in the 1890s and early 1900s. He continued to work for his father’s firm. After his death, Rudolph pursued photography and in 1905 he purchased half a photographic firm. This was renamed Davis and Eickemeyer, with a studio at 246 Fifth Avenue. He became famous for his portraits of high-society women. Eickemeyer died in New York in 1932.
Emanuel, Charles Herbert Lewis (1868-1962)		1896 Jan	145, Gloucester Terrace, Hyde Park (1894) 67, Ladbroke Grove (1908) Born in Paddington in 1868. Emanuel took up photography while studying law at Oxford University. Professionally he was a solicitor like his father. In addition to photography, Charles was a painter and craftsman in various materials, such as silver and ivory. He died in Kensington in 1962.
Eugene, Prof. Frank (1865-1936)	US	1900 Oct to 1909 May	c/o Camera Club, 3, West 29th Street, New York (1899) 6, East 17th Street, New York City (1900) Theresienstrasse 76, IV, Munich (1908) Born in New York in 1865 as Frank Eugene Smith. He was a painter and photographer. A member of the first council of American Photo-session (1902). In 1907 he settled in Munich. In 1913 Eugene was appointed Professor at the Royal Academy of Graphic Arts in Leipzig. He died in Munich in 1936.
Evans, Frederick Henry (1853-1943)		1900 Oct	19, Buckingham Street, WC (1894) 27, Fairfax Road, Bedford Park W. (1898) 25, Mortimer Street, W (1901) Takelets, Epping Upland, Essex (1902) 34, Fox Hill, Upper Norwood (1904) 32, Rosemont Road, West Acton (1908) Evans was one of the most gifted members of the Ring. He was a bookseller until 1898 when he retried on an annuity and concentrated on architectural photography. His bookshop at 77 Queen Street Cheapside was frequented by George Bernard Shaw who developed a great admiration for Evans and shared his interest in photography. The illustrator, Aubrey Beardsley also came to the bookshop from the time he was eighteen. Evans contributed to Camera Work and exhibited in Gallery 291 in New York.
Gale, Lt-Colonel Joseph (1830-1906)		1892 May to 1906 (death)	225, Long Lane, Bermondsey (1894) He was a volunteer army officer who took up photography as a hobby in 1859. Gale roamed the countryside with a camera, tripod, and portable darkroom tent where he developed the plates.
Gibson, John Pattison (1838-1912)		1892 May	Did not exhibit at a Link salon. 1891 census, 2 Battle Hill, Hexham Northumberland, 53, chemist and photographer. He was born in Hexham in 1838 and worked in the family business as a chemist. Much of Gibson’s photographic work focused on archaeological sites and excavations, showing his deep interest in archaeology. He was a member of the RPS, and in 1911 was elected Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London.
Greger, Karl (Born c.1861. DoD unknown)		1892 Jun	17, Gordon Street, Islington (1894) 1891 census, 17 Gordon Street Islington, lithographic artist 1911 census, Leigh Essex, commercial designer, wholesale stationer and printer. Born in Germany, he was a member of the PSGB and RPS from 1891 to 1900.
Greene, William Asbury (1849-1920)		1892 May to 1895 Jan	Did not exhibit at a Link salon. Member of the Camera Club Born in Kings Lynn in 1849, he was a solicitor in Bedford Row London. 1891 census, he was living in 34 Montague Road Richmond. He died there in 1920.
Grimprel, Georges (1838-1910)	Fr	1900 Oct	71, Rue du Faubourg St. Honore, Paris (1900) Artist and photographer who was born in Paris in 1838 and died in 1910. A friend of the painter Renoir.
Grove, John Montgomery Charles (1847-1920)		1896 Jan	Castle Grove, Letterkenny, Ireland (1894) Born in Donegal in 1847, and died in Deal Kent in 1920. He was a wealthy landowner and JP.
Henneberg, Dr Hugo (1863-1918)	Au	1894 Oct	iv Schwindegasse, 17 Wien (1895) Höfergasse 12, Vienna IX/2 (1898) XIX, Wollergasse 8, Vienna Austria (1902) Born in 1863 in Vienna and died there in 1918. A scientist and photographer. He began photographing in 1887 and first exhibited in Salzburg in 1893. He lived in one of four villas designed by Josef Hoffman for artists on the outskirts of Vienna. The double height hall was designed for Klimt’s 1902 painting of Henneberg’s wife Marie.
Henshall, John Henry (1856-1928)		1892 Jun to 1893 Jan	Did not exhibit at a Link salon. Watercolour artist known as Henry Henshall. Graves RA exhibition 1889, 34 Broadhurst Gardens. 1893 ER, 34 Broadhurst Gardens West Hampstead.
Hildesheimer, L. (Dates unknown)	Au	1894 Oct to 1908 Apr	Did not exhibit at a Link salon. He was a member of the Vienna Camera Club and published in their journal in 1894. He wrote articles for the Amateur Photographer. L. Hildesheimer & Co. Limited, London & Manchester, were a publishing company in 1896.
Hinton, Alfred Horsley (1863-1908)		1892 May (Founder) to 1908 Apr 8 (death) Treasurer	59, Fairlop Road, Leytonstone (1894) Stoke Cottage, Guildford, Surrey (1896) 1, Creed Lane, Ludgate Hill (1898) 52, Long Acre, WC (1902) A very popular, friendly, and well-respected member of the Ring. He studied at art school and became a good draftsman and oil painter. To earn a living, in 1889 he worked in a City photographic equipment company where he developed an interest in photography. From 1891 to 1893 he was employed by Ralph Robinson (the son of HP Robinson), to manage his branch studio in Guildford. Hinton had previously edited photographic magazines and decided to take up journalism full-time. In 1893 he became the editor of the Amateur Photographer, a post he held until his death in 1908. He frequently contributed to national newspapers and magazines.
Hofmeister, Theodor (1868-1943)	Ger	1908 Oct	c/o H. E. Purser, 33, Hatton Garden (1898) Kleine Backerstrasse 28, Hamburg (1908) With his brother Oskar, they became prominent photographers in Hamburg. The brothers became so skilled using the gum bichromate technique that other photographers travelled to Hamburg to learn from them, and the brothers happily imparted technical information and aesthetic inspiration. Theodor also shared his knowledge by writing books and articles. He died on 1 March 1943, in Ichenhauser, Germany.
Hofmeister, Oskar (1871-1937)	Ger	1908 Oct	c/o H. E. Purser, 33, Hatton Garden (1898) Kleine Backerstrasse 28, Hamburg (1908) He was a lawyer who worked collaboratively with his brother Theodore. Their work was widely exhibited and published internationally.  Oskar Hofmeister died in Hamburg in 1937.
Hollyer, Frederick (1838-1933)		1892 Jun to 1909 Jan	9, Pembroke Square, W (1894) Born in 1838 in Tavistock Place, Hollyer was the son of a well-known art collector. He became a professional making large photographic reproductions of works of art. He enjoyed photographing people and for 30 years his Pembroke Square studio was reserved on Mondays to take portraits. He photographed the leading artists of the pre-Raphaelite brotherhood.
James, George Henry (1867-1950)		1894 Oct to 1901	61, Battersea Rise (1894) Sanitary engineer. In 1898 he was president of the West Surrey Photographic Society who met weekly at Stanley’s restaurant in Lavender Hill.
Job, Charles (1854-1930)		1900 Oct	Milton House, Lindfield, Hayward’s Heath (1894) 3, Wilbury Gardens, Hove, Brighton (1898) Highlands, The Drive, Hove, Sussex (1900) 22, Brunswick Place, Hove (1909) A stockbroker by profession, he pursued artistic activities in his spare time, becoming skilled in pencil drawing and wood carving and then photography. He was an early member of the Hove Camera Club formed in 1891. During the War he worked at the Censor’s office in Liverpool before returning to Sussex. In 1922 he settled in Richmond.
Johnston, John Dudley (1868-1955)		1907	76, Huskisson Street, Liverpool (1908) Johnston was born in Liverpool and worked there in commerce from 1883 to 1911. He practised photography as a hobby and joined the Liverpool Photographic Society in 1904. He moved to London for business in 1911. A remarkable man, he was twice president of the RPS in 1923-1925 and 1929 to 1931. His photographic work was well-respected, and he became Honorary Curator of the society from 1924 to 1955 when almost single handedly, he built up the archive collection. In the 1920s he lived at 66 Regents Park Road. When he died in October 1955 in St Mary’s Hospital, he was living at 37 Cleveland Mansions Widley Road, off Elgin Avenue.
Käsebier, Gertrude (1852-1934)	US	1900 Oct to 1909 Oct	273 Fifth Ave New York (1900) She was born as Gertrude Stanton. In 1874 she married Eduard Käsebier, a wealthy businessman in Brooklyn. Gertrude later wrote that she was miserable throughout most of her marriage. ‘If my husband has gone to Heaven, I want to go to Hell. He was terrible... Nothing was ever good enough for him’. At that time, divorce was scandalous, and they remained married while living separate lives after 1880. In 1889 she attended the Pratt Institute of Art where she learned about Frobel’s theories which influenced her photos of mothers and children. She became a very successful portrait photographer. In 1898 Gertrude photographed the native American Indians, including Chief Iron Tail and Chief Flying Haw, appearing in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show. These were made for artistic not commercial reasons and showed the sitters in relaxed poses. Her work appeared in Stieglitz’s Camera Notes in 1899, and in the first issue of Camera Work in January 1903. Gertrude was a founding member of the Photo-Secession. She died in New York in October 1934.
Keene, Richard (1825-1894)		1892 Jul to 1894 Dec (death)	Did not exhibit at a Link salon. 1891 census, photographer, printer, and bookseller, 65, Derby. He ran a bookshop in Derby, and as the city grew in importance with the Midland Railway Company, Keene became their official photographer until 1883. He died in Derby in Dec 1894
Keiley, Joseph Turner (1869-1914)	US	1899 Dec to 1909 May	c/o Camera Club, 3, West 29th Street, New York, (1899) 213, Clermont Avenue, Brooklyn, New York (1904) An attorney, in the law firm of Keiley & Haviland. He was a close associate of Alfred Stieglitz and was one of the founding members of the Photo-Secession. Like Gertrude Kasebier he photographed the native Americans in the Buffalo Bill Show. He was the associate editor of Camera Work.
Keighley, Alexander (1861-1947)		1900 Oct	Flosh House, Keighley (1894) High Hall Steeton, near Keighley (1898). This was the family home where his father was a successful worsted manufacturer. Alexander worked in his father’s business for 46 years, starting at the bottom and reaching the top,. As a young man he was an enthusiastic amateur painter and photographer. In 1887 he won the premier prize in an Amateur Photographer competition when the judge was PH Emerson. The second prize went to Alfred Stieglitz. At this time Keighley’s photos were sharply focused. About 1890, probably influenced by the work of George Davison, he changed to an impressionistic style which was dramatically different. For 50 years Keighley was a leading figure in British pictorial photography with one man shows in London, Paris, Vienna, and New York between 1910 and 1920.
Kuehn, Heinrich (1866-1944)	Au	1896 to 1909 May	6, Falkstrasse, Innsbruck (1895) He was born in Dresden in 1866, and died in Birgitz Austria in 1944. Kuehn initially used photography to aid his medical studies. He gave up medicine about 1890 in favour of photography. In 1904 and 1905 he befriended the American photographers Alfred Stieglitz, Frank Eugene, and Edward Steichen in Vienna and Munich. Kuehn, together with Henneberg and Watzuk belonged to the Vienna Trifolium, who used gum bichromate printing. Kuehn used the colour Autochrome from its beginning in 1907, and he developed new lens and several photographic techniques. His photographs resemble impressionist paintings, with the use of soft lighting and focus. He ran a portrait studio in Innsbruck from 1906 to 1919.
Lambert, Rev Frederick Charles (1853-1932)		1896 Jan to 1899 May	6, Ormonde Terrace, Regent’s Park (1894) After gaining his Cambridge MA in 1876, he was ordained in 1878 and became the senior mathematics teacher at the High School Bishop Stortford. From 1880 to 1882 Lambert was the chaplain at the Cambridge County Asylum in Fulbourn. Then he became chaplain at Downing College (1884-6), lecturer at St Peter’s Bayswater (1891-3), St Helen’s Kensington (1892-5), then St Anne’s Highgate (1900-02). He wrote an illustrated monthly called The Practical Photographer in 1903 and 1904, and several books. Lambert died in Thurlby Road West Norwood in February 1932.
Liebig, Baron Alfred von (Probable dates 1854-1930)	Au	1893 May to 1901	2, Wipplinger Strasse, Vienna Member of the Vienna Photo Club. He bought Steichen’s photograph of Rodin’s Le Penseur statue.
Maitland, Viscount, Lt.-Col. Frederick Colin. 14th Earl of Lauderdale (1868-1931)		1898 Sep to 1909 Jan	2, Belgrave Road, SW (1896) 14, Lower Sloane Street, SW (1898) A Scottish peer and landowner, he was elected a member of the RPS in 1896. He served in the Boer War in South Africa in 1900 - 1901 and the First World War when he was wounded. In 1903 he published a book on Animal Photography. Maitland died in September 1931 at 4 Ladbroke Gardens.
Manly, Thomas (c.1849-1932)		1896 Jan to 1909 Nov	140, Haverstock Hill (1894) 1911 census, 140 Haverstock Hill, age 62, photographic materials manufacturer. 1897 to 1931 ERs, 140 Haverstock Hill. In 1905 he wrote a book on the Ozotype process which he invented in 1899. He died on 16 April 1932 at 17 Bloomfield Road Highgate.
Maskell, Alfred (1845-1912)		1892 May (Founder) ‘Scribe’ Hon Sec	Royal Societies Club, St. James’ Street (1894) 1911 census, Beckley End, Great Bookham Surrey. Occupation: Art and literature, aged 66, born Devizes. Alfred (Ogle) Maskell died in Beckley End on 27 June 1912.
Meyer-Watson, Baron Adolph de (1868-1946)		1898 Sep to 1909 May	Parkstrasse 8, Dresden (1894) 1, Cadogan Gardens, SW. (1898) Born and brought up in Paris, he was the son of a wealthy man. By 1893 he was living in London and had sufficient income to be a member of the fashionable set that revolved around Edward the Prince of Wales. In 1899 he married Donna Olga Alberta Caracciolo, a god-daughter of King Edward VII. It was a marriage of convenience because he was homosexual and the bride was bisexual or lesbian. From 1903 to 1907, his work was published in Alfred Stieglitz’s quarterly Camera Work. Cecil Beaton called him ‘the Debussy of photography’. In 1912, he photographed Nijinsky in Paris. In 1914 with rise of anti-German feelings he and Olga went to New York. With his assets frozen and penniless he started work as a professional photographer. He was helped by Stieglitz and Steichen whom he had met through the Linked Ring. Adolph was employed by Conde Nast as a staff photographer for Vogue and Vanity Fair and this revived his fortunes. In 1918 they returned to Europe. In 1922 he left Vogue to work for Harper’s Bazaar in Paris where he spent the next 12 years. Olga had died in 1931 and in 1938 he returned to New York. His work definitely influenced Hollywood glamour films. But he died lonely and unappreciated in Hollywood in January 1946.
Mortimer, Francis James (1874-1944)		1908 May	50, Ordnance Row, Portsea, Portsmouth (1903) 24, Wellington Street, Strand, London (1904) 9, Cecil Court, Charing Cross Road (1906) 52, Long Acre (1908) Son of a dental surgeon, he was introduced to photography at an early age. Mortimer worked in various photographic magazines: British Journal of Photography (1904), Photographic News (1906), and after Hinton’s death the Amateur Photographer (1908). He edited Photograms of the Year from 1912 until his death in 1944. He was president of the RPS from 1940-1942. The London Salon of Photography which followed the Ring Salons, was largely due to FJ Mortimer.
Moss, Charles (1865-1923)		1897 Mar to 1908 Apr	Heatherley, Coombe Road, Croydon (1894) Ashton Lodge, Tavistock Road, Croydon (1898) 15, Lee Terrace, Blackheath (1903) Nothing else known.
Muir, Ward (1878-1927)		1902 Sep to 1908	45, Central Hill, Norwood (1901) 9, South Vale, Norwood (1903) Crouch, Borough Green, Kent (1906) A novelist and journalist who was a regular contributor to Amateur Photography. In WWI he was engaged in aerial photography of submarine hunting from an airship.
Muller, Friedrich. R. (1842-1917)	Ger	1908 Oct	Did not exhibit at a Link salon. He was the Secretary of the Photographic Society of Munich. By 1894 he was photographer to the Court of Bavaria.
Ostrorog, Count, aka Walery (1863-1929)		1892 Jun to 1893 Jan	Did not exhibit at a Link salon. Stanisław Julian Ignacy Ostroróg was born in London to a noble Polish family in 1863. His father first set up a studio in France but returned to London and opened a studio called Walery (named after his wife), at 164 Regent Street. When his father suddenly died in 1890, Stanisław junior took over the studio, but he did not enjoy the business side. So, he went into partnership with Alfred Ellis trading as Ellis and Walery with a studio at 51 Baker Street (1899 to 1913), 54a Baker Street (1913 to 1918). Stanisław junior died in Paris in 1929.
Puyo, Captaine E. J. C. (Emile Joachim Constant) (1857-1933)	Fr	1896 Jan	73, Avenue Bosquet, Paris (1895) 14, Rue le Temptell, Vincennes, France (1899) 44, Rue des Mathurins, Paris (1900) 33, Rue de Turin, Paris (1903) In 1889 he took up photography as a relaxation from his job as an artillery officer in the French Army. He joined the Photo-Club of Paris in 1894 contributing to theor annual exhibitions. Puyo left the military in 1902 to concentrate on photography, but with the outbreak of WWI he re-joined the army in 1914. He was a friend of Robert Demachy, and Stieglitz and his work appeared in Camera Work.
Richards, James Cruwys (c.1863-1922)		1903 Oct to 1909 Oct	98, Summer Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham (1896) 134, St. Luke’s Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham (1898) Wysdall, Maple Road, Bournville (1900 and later shown as Cruwys-Richards) A stained-glass designer by profession, who began photography in 1890. He took photos for the Cinderella Club, set up to care for the poor children of Birmingham. In 1904 he was commissioned to photograph the slum areas of the city to assist planners in redevelopment. Cruwys-Richards died on 23 May 1922 at at 22 Beech Road Bournville Birmingham.
Robinson, Henry Peach (1830-1901)		1892 May (Founder) to 1901 Feb (death)	Winwood, Tunbridge Wells (1894) 1891 census, 2 Queen’s Road Tunbridge Wells, 50, retired photographer, born Ludlow At age 14 and was apprenticed to a printer in Ludlow. His interest in photography followed a visit to the 1851 Great Exhibition. In 1857 he established a portrait studio in Leamington Spa. But illness forced him to sell the studio and in 1864 he moved to London and concentrated on photographic journalism. Four years later he moved to Tunbridge Wells where he opened the Great Hall studio. He retired in 1888 but continued to take photographs and enter them in exhibitions. After the row with the PSGB, Robinson formed the Linked Ring.
Robinson, Ralph Winwood (1861-1942)		1892 May (Founder) to 1908	Redhill (1894) Eldest son of HP Robinson 1891 census, Oaks Cottage, South Nutfield Reigate. He was working as an analytical chemist in Widnes when he was summoned in 1885 to return and take over his father’s studio in Tunbridge Wells due to Henry’s ill health. Ralph later moved the studio to the Rembrandt studios, Redhill and opened another branch in Guildford. He was particularly good at photographing dogs and children. In 1892 he published a book of photos of members of the Royal Academy taken in their homes.
Rothschild, Baron Nathaniel de (1840-1915)		1893 May to 1901	Did not exhibit at a Link salon. Head of the Rothschild bank in London. 1891 census, 148 Piccadilly.
Rouille-Ladeveze, Pierre-Auguste (1834-1910)	Fr	1896 to 1908 May	17, Quai de la Poissonnerie, Tours, France (1896) Nothing else known.
Russell, Mrs Margaret, aka Margaret Foster Russell (Dates unknown)	US	1904 Mar	Brattle Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (1899) 172 Brattle Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (1903) 174 Brattle Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (1904) Nothing else known.
Sawyer, Lyddell (1856-1927		1895 Nov to 1901 Dec	230, Regent Street (1899) Several members of his family were involved in photography, and at age 16 he was running a busy studio in Newcastle. In 1885 Lyd set up his own studio there with two older brothers. Ten years later he had a studio in Regent Street. Although a good businessman, Lyd was more interested in the art of photography.
Scharf, Otto (1858-1947)	Ger	1896 Jan	Steckendorferstrase 68, Crefeld (1895). Today this is called Krefeld Germany. No other information.
Scott, Francis Seyton (1859-1931)		1892 May (Founder) to 1895 Jan. Archivist	Camera Club, 28, Charing Cross Road (1894) Born in Cheshire in 1859. 1893 ERs, lived at 6 Glengall Road Kilburn with an office at 26 Imperial Building in the City. In the 1911 census he was a lodger at 15 Old Quebec Street, a widower, aged 51, an experimental chemist. He died in 1931 in Hastings.
Sears, Mrs Sarah Choate (1858-1935)	US	1904 Mar	12, Arlington Street, Boston, USA (1900) Born as Sarah Carlisle Choate. In 1877 she married real estate magnate Joshua Montgomery Sears, one of the wealthiest men in Boston. Sarah studied art and won prizes for her watercolours before becoming a photographer. She joined the Boston Camera Club where her work was seen by F. Holland Day. Her photos were published in Camera Work. After her husband’s death in 1905, she travelled in Europe and built up an important collection of French Impressionist paintings.
Spitzer, Dr Friedrich von (1854-1922)	Au	1892 Sep	4, Schleifmuhlgasse 4, Wien (1899) He was a chemist who worked in the sugar industry. He knew the composer Gustav Mahler and his wife Alma. Spitzer died in Vienna on 19 February 1922.
Steichen, Eduard (later Edward) J. (1879-1973)	US	1901 Oct	342 and 1/2, Seventh Street, Milwaukee, USA (1900) 83, Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris (1901) Camera Club, 3, West 29th Street, New York (1902) 291, Fifth Avenue, New York (1904) 103, Bd. Montparnasse, Paris (1908) Alfred Stieglitz hailed Steichen ‘as the greatest photographer that ever lived’. Steichen studied art while training as a lithographer in Milwaukee. He took up photography in 1896. In 1900 Steichen went to Paris to study both painting and photography. He met Rodin and photographed some of his sculptures, including The Thinker (1902). He again worked in Paris from 1906 to 1914. Returning to America, he enlisted in 1917 and served in the US forces. After the War he burnt all his paintings and concentrated on photography. From 1923 to 1938, Steichen served as chief photographer for the Condé Nast magazines Vogue and Vanity Fair, while also working for many advertising agencies, including J. Walter Thompson. During these years, Steichen was regarded as the most popular and highest-paid photographer in the world. In WWII he was invited by the US Navy to serve as Director of the Naval Aviation Photographic Unit. From 1947 to 1961, Steichen served as Director of the Department of Photography at New York’s Museum of Modern Art.
Stevens, Henry (c.1843-1925)		1892 May to 1893 Dec	Addlestone (1897) 1891 census, Addlestone Lodge Kent A very talented amateur photographer, he was head of Stevens’s auction house at 38 King Street Covent Garden. On Friday’s he held weekly auctions of photographic equipment for amateurs. He died on 11 June 1925 at Addlestone Lodge Kent.
Stieglitz, Alfred, (1864-1946)	US	1894 Oct to 1909 May	Hotel Savoy Fifth Ave, 59th Street, New York City (1894) 162, Leonard Street, New York (1896) 58, East 66th Street New York (1897) Camera Notes, 3, West 29th Street, New York (1901). 1,111, Madison Avenue, New York City (1902). 291, Fifth Avenue, NY (1908) In the 1884, American-born Stieglitz, while studying in Berlin, attended lectures by H.W. Vogel on photographic chemistry and this started his interest in photography. From 1892 he took photos of everyday life in adverse weather conditions in the centre of New York. After his election to the Ring and correspondence with PH Emerson, Stieglitz compared the standards set by the Ring for their salons with work in America. He set up Photo-Secession in 1902 as a means of improving American photography. An important decision was to publish Photo-Secession photos in Camera Work and this became the most impressive magazine from 1903 to 1917 (when it closed). In 1905 Stieglitz opened the Little Galleries at 291 Fifth Avenue to display photography. It quickly became known as Gallery 291, and he began showing the work of artists such as Cézanne, Picasso, and Georgia O’Keeffe whom he married in 1924. Until the Gallery closed in 1917 it was the centre for avant-garde art in America. Poor health stopped him photographing in 1937. He could be difficult, but Stieglitz was a true visionary and key to the development of photography and an essential link to the Ring. He died in Manhattan on 13 July 1946.
Strakosch, Dr. Julius (Dates unknown)	Au	1893 May to 1908 Apr	c/o Ulrich & Co. (1897) No further information.
Stirling, Edmund (1861-1948)	US	1902 Sep	4,571, Kingsessing Avenue, Philadelphia, USA (1900) He was a reporter and editor of the Philadelphia Public Ledger. Stirling began exhibiting in 1888 and Stieglitz admired his work. F. Holland Day included his photos in the 1901 London exhibition.
Sutcliffe, Frank Meadow (1853-1941)		1892 Jun	Whitby, Yorks (1894) 25, Skinner Street, Whitby (1900) Born 1853 in Headingly Leeds, and died 1941 in Sleights, Yorkshire. His father was a watercolour artist who moved the family to Whitby in 1870. Frank opened a portrait studio in 1876 but barely made a living. He later took photos of Whitby and the surrounding area which made his reputation. One of the most celebrated was the Water Rats (1886). In 1888 he had a large one-man show at the London Camera Club. Sutcliffe was a prolific writer on photographic subjects, contributed to several periodicals, and wrote a regular column in the Yorkshire Weekly Post.
Tolley, Henry (Harry) (1846-1913)		1892 Jun to 1894 Feb	Did not exhibit at a Link salon. 9 All Saints Street Nottingham (1891). He was a cardboard box manufacturer. A talented amateur, in 1887 he won prizes in Nottingham and two years later his photos appeared in the American Journal of Photography.
Ulrich, Carl (1852-1929)	Au	1893 May	Did not exhibit at a Link salon. Born in 1852 in Leipzig Germany and died in Vienna 1929. Ulrich & Co. Vienna. In 1873, he moved to Vienna, where he opened a portrait studio. He was a member of the Vienna Camera Club. Ulrich was a skilled architectural photographer.
Warren, W.J. William James (1846-1900)		1899 Dec to 1900 (death)	13, Bedford Street, Leeds (1899) A solicitor and superintendent of birth, deaths, and marriages in Leeds. He often wrote for Amateur Photographer.
Watson-Schutze, Eva (1867-1935)	US	1901 Oct to 1909 Oct	1,018, Fine Arts Buildings, Chicago, USA (1903) 344, East 57th Street, Chicago (1904) She first studied art and then took up photography. Eva opened her own portrait studio in 1897 in Philadelphia and it became a meeting place for photographers who shared her pictorialist style. In 1902 she suggested the idea of forming an association of independent and like-minded photographers to Alfred Stieglitz. They corresponded several times about this idea, and by the end of the year she joined Stieglitz as one of the founding members of the Photo-Secession.
Watzek, Prof. Hans (Johann Josef) (1848-1903)	Au	1893 Sep to 1903 Aug (death)	15A, Esterhazygasse Vienna (1894) An amateur who joined the Vienna Camera Club in 1891 and soon became a leading figure with Henneberg and Kuhn in artistic photography in Austria.
Wellington, John B. B. (James Booker Blakemore) (1858-1939)		1892 Jul	18, Marriott Road, High Barnet (1894) The Elms, Elstree, Herts (1899) 1888 ER, 20 Canfield Place, South Hampstead His father was a barrister who lived at 38 Fellows Road Hampstead. James (John) trained as an architectural draughtsman, but in 1890 was sent to work with George Eastman in New York. He returned to England and was the first manager of the Kodak works in Harrow (1891 to 1893). He later worked for Elliot & Sons, Barnet. About 1895, with his brother-in-law H.H. Ward he formed Wellington and Ward of Elstree, who manufactured photographic plates, film, and paper.
Weyde, Henry Van der (1838-1924)		1892 May (Founder) to 1907 Dec	182, Regent Street (1894) Born in the Netherlands as Pieter Hendrik van der Weijde, his family emigrated to America. After serving in the Civil War, he came to London in 1870. He was a painter, who became a professional portrait photographer and opened his Regent Street studio in 1877. He used electric lighting for his portraits, and his clients included royalty, actors, and high society. He controversially developed a photo corrector (Rectograph) which reduced or enlarged parts of the portrait, such as the hands or feet.
White, Clarence Hudson (1871-1925)	US	1900 Oct to 1909 May	161, N. 5th Street, Newark, Ohio, USA (1899) 464, Hudson Avenue, Newark, Ohio (1902) 182, Claremont Avenue, New York City (1908) Between 1890 and 1906 he was the head bookkeeper of a wholesale grocery firm in Newark Ohio. In 1898 Stieglitz saw his work and he became one of the founder members of the Photo-Secession. In 1906 he moved to New York and lectured on photography at Columbia University until his death in 1925.
Wilkinson, Benjamin Gay (1857-1927)		1892 Jul to 1901 Feb	151, Bermondsey Street, SE (1894) A solicitor and amateur photographer. He and Colonel Joseph Gale often photographed the same landscape scenes. In the last 20 years of his life Wilkinson gave up photography and concentrated on painting. He died on 4 December 1927 at his home Burnedge, Granville Road in Limpsfield Surrey.
Willis, William (1841-1923)		1892 May (Founder)	Did not exhibit at a Link salon. 1891 census, 49 Palace Grove Bromley, 50, calotype manufacturer and photographer. He was a member of the Bromley Camera Club. In 1873 Willis developed the platinum process, and by 1879 had improved it sufficiently to open the Platinotype Company. Years of laboratory research and five patents led to a perfected, but secret, process by 1892. By 1900 Willis’s platinotype was the main choice of photographers for permanent, exhibition prints.